[GWILouisaxwzkla]

You could do this if you choose to write everything from scratch ( you will need to write your own input / output functions in assembly language for DOS I’m not sure if you can do this for Windows , though ). I’ll see if I can write an example latter…..

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

For an R-value violation you could do this:

<br /> void func ( int i );<br /> <br /> int main()<br /> {<br /> int i = func ( 3 );<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br />

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<br /> void func ( int i );<br /> <br /> int main()<br /> {<br /> int i = func ( 3 );<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br />

pretty sure that would constitute a R-value violation…….

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

An L-value violation is easy , just put a constant on the left hand side of an equation:

<br /> const int myInt = 9;<br /> <br /> ..<br /> myInt = 3; // need an L-value here<br /> <br />

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<br /> const int myInt = 9;<br /> <br /> ..<br /> myInt = 3; // need an L-value here<br /> <br />

You need something that is assignable for a L-value. R-value violations are tougher , I’ll have to look into this…….

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Could you post your data file?

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Heres a postfix to infix program I have on my drive ( hope this helps….. ):

#include < conio.h ><br /> #include < math.h ><br /> #include < string.h ><br /> #include < stdlib.h ><br /> #include < stdio.h ><br /> <br /> enum Boolean { False = 0 , True = 1 } ;<br /> const int GREATER = 1 ;<br /> const int NOTGREATER = 0 ;<br /> int cnt = 0 , cntcol = 0 , postcnt = 0 ;<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> struct Stack<br /> {<br /> int info ;<br /> Stack * previous;<br /> } * top;<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void Push ( int number )<br /> {<br /> Stack * current;<br /> current = new ( Stack ) ;<br /> if ( current == 0 )<br /> {<br /> printf ( "n allocation error!!!!! " );<br /> return;<br /> }<br /> current -> info = number ;<br /> current -> previous = top ;<br /> top = current ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int Pop ()<br /> {<br /> int temp ;<br /> Stack * current = top;<br /> temp = current -> info ;<br /> top = top -> previous ;<br /> delete current ;<br /> return temp ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int StackTop ()<br /> {<br /> return top -> info ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> Boolean isEmpty()<br /> {<br /> if ( top == NULL )<br /> return True;<br /> else<br /> return False ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> Boolean isOperand ( char ch )<br /> {<br /> if ( ch >= '0' &#038;& ch <= '9' ) //if is a number<br /> return True;<br /> else<br /> return False ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void Infix ( char infix[][10])<br /> {<br /> char c ;<br /> while ( c != 13 )<br /> {<br /> c = getch() ;<br /> putch(c);<br /> if ( c >= '0' &#038;& c <= '9' )<br /> {<br /> infix [cnt][cntcol] = c ;<br /> cntcol++ ;<br /> }<br /> else if ( c == '+'|| c == '-'|| c == '*'|| c == '/')<br /> {<br /> infix [cnt][cntcol] = '�' ;<br /> cnt++ ;<br /> infix [cnt][0] = c ;<br /> infix [cnt][1] = '�' ;<br /> cnt++ ;<br /> cntcol = 0 ;<br /> }<br /> else if ( c == 13 )<br /> infix[cnt][cntcol] = '�' ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int Calculate (int op1, char opr, int op2)<br /> {<br /> int ans ;<br /> switch ( opr )<br /> {<br /> case '+' : ans = op1 + op2 ; break ;<br /> case '-' : ans = op1 - op2 ; break ;<br /> case '*' : ans = op1 * op2 ; break ;<br /> case '/' : ans = op1 / op2 ; break ;<br /> case '^' : ans = pow(op1, op2) ;<br /> }<br /> return ans ;<br /> }<br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int Evaluate ( char postfix[][10] )<br /> {<br /> for ( int i = 0 ; i <= cnt ; i ++ )<br /> {<br /> char ch = postfix<i>[0] ;<br /> char ch1[10] ;<br /> strcpy ( ch1 ,postfix </i><i> ) ;<br /> // cout <<endl<< atoi ( ch1) ;<br /> if ( isOperand ( ch ) == True )<br /> Push ( atoi(ch1) );<br /> else<br /> {<br /> int op2 = Pop () ;<br /> int op1 = Pop () ;<br /> int ans = Calculate ( op1, ch, op2 ) ;<br /> // cout << ans << endl ;<br /> Push ( ans ) ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> int ans = Pop () ;<br /> return ans ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // </i> <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int CheckP (char cur, char st)<br /> {<br /> int a = NOTGREATER ;<br /> <br /> if ( cur == '(' )<br /> a = GREATER ;<br /> else if ( cur != '(' &#038;& st == '(' )<br /> a = GREATER ;<br /> else if ( cur != '(' &#038;& st != '(' )<br /> {<br /> if ( ( cur == '*' || cur == '/' ) &#038;& ( st == '+' || st == '-' ) )<br /> a = GREATER ;<br /> }<br /> return a ;<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void infixToPostfix ( char infix[][10], char postfix[][10] )<br /> {<br /> int postcol = 0 ;<br /> for ( int i = 0 ; i <= cnt ; i ++ )<br /> {<br /> // strcpy(postfix<i>, infix </i><i>) ;<br /> // cout << postfix</i><i> ;<br /> char ch;<br /> ch = infix</i><i>[0] ;<br /> if ( isOperand ( ch ) == True )<br /> strcpy ( postfix [postcnt++] , infix </i><i> ) ;<br /> else<br /> {<br /> if ( isEmpty() == True )<br /> Push ( int(ch) ) ;<br /> else<br /> {<br /> while ( CheckP( ch, StackTop() ) != GREATER &#038;& isEmpty() != True )<br /> {<br /> char c ;<br /> if ( ch == ')' )<br /> {<br /> do<br /> {<br /> c = char ( Pop() ) ;<br /> if ( c != '(')<br /> {<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol] = c ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol+1] = '�' ;<br /> postcnt++ ;<br /> }<br /> }while ( c != '(' &#038;& isEmpty() != True);<br /> break ;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> c = char ( Pop() ) ;<br /> if ( c != '(' &#038;& c != ')' )<br /> {<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol] = c ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol+1] = '�' ;<br /> postcnt++ ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> if ( ch != ')' )<br /> Push ( int(ch) ) ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> while ( isEmpty () != True )<br /> {<br /> char c = char ( Pop () ) ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol] = c ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol+1] = '�';<br /> postcnt++ ;<br /> }<br /> // postfix[postcnt][postcol] = '�';<br /> }<br /> <br /> //</i> <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void Postfix ( char postfix[][10] )<br /> {<br /> char ch[10] ;<br /> for ( int i = 0; i <= postcnt; i++ )<br /> {<br /> strcpy(ch , postfix<i> ) ;<br /> printf ( "%c" ,ch );<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> // </i> <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void main()<br /> {<br /> //clrscr();<br /> top = NULL ;<br /> <br /> char infix [ 50 ][ 10 ] ;<br /> char postfix [ 50 ][ 10 ] ;<br /> <br /> //gotoxy ( 5, 8 ) ;<br /> printf ( "Enter Arithematic Expression ...................... : " );<br /> Infix ( infix ) ;<br /> <br /> infixToPostfix ( infix, postfix ) ;<br /> //gotoxy ( 5, 10 ) ;<br /> printf ( "Arithematic Expression in Postfix Notation......... : " );<br /> Postfix ( postfix ) ;<br /> int ans = Evaluate ( postfix ) ;<br /> //gotoxy (5, 11 ) ;<br /> printf ( "The Answer of Expression .......................... : " );<br /> printf ( "%i", ans );<br /> <br /> getch();<br /> }<br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" />

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#include < conio.h ><br /> #include < math.h ><br /> #include < string.h ><br /> #include < stdlib.h ><br /> #include < stdio.h ><br /> <br /> enum Boolean { False = 0 , True = 1 } ;<br /> const int GREATER = 1 ;<br /> const int NOTGREATER = 0 ;<br /> int cnt = 0 , cntcol = 0 , postcnt = 0 ;<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> struct Stack<br /> {<br /> int info ;<br /> Stack * previous;<br /> } * top;<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void Push ( int number )<br /> {<br /> Stack * current;<br /> current = new ( Stack ) ;<br /> if ( current == 0 )<br /> {<br /> printf ( "n allocation error!!!!! " );<br /> return;<br /> }<br /> current -> info = number ;<br /> current -> previous = top ;<br /> top = current ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int Pop ()<br /> {<br /> int temp ;<br /> Stack * current = top;<br /> temp = current -> info ;<br /> top = top -> previous ;<br /> delete current ;<br /> return temp ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int StackTop ()<br /> {<br /> return top -> info ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> Boolean isEmpty()<br /> {<br /> if ( top == NULL )<br /> return True;<br /> else<br /> return False ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> Boolean isOperand ( char ch )<br /> {<br /> if ( ch >= '0' &#038;& ch <= '9' ) //if is a number<br /> return True;<br /> else<br /> return False ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void Infix ( char infix[][10])<br /> {<br /> char c ;<br /> while ( c != 13 )<br /> {<br /> c = getch() ;<br /> putch(c);<br /> if ( c >= '0' &#038;& c <= '9' )<br /> {<br /> infix [cnt][cntcol] = c  ;<br /> cntcol++ ;<br /> }<br /> else if ( c == '+'|| c == '-'|| c == '*'|| c == '/')<br /> {<br /> infix [cnt][cntcol] = '' ;<br /> cnt++ ;<br /> infix [cnt][0] = c ;<br /> infix [cnt][1] = '' ;<br /> cnt++ ;<br /> cntcol = 0 ;<br /> }<br /> else if ( c == 13 )<br /> infix[cnt][cntcol] = '' ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int Calculate (int op1, char opr, int op2)<br /> {<br /> int ans ;<br /> switch ( opr )<br /> {<br /> case '+' :  ans = op1 + op2 ; break ;<br /> case '-' :  ans = op1 - op2 ; break ;<br /> case '*' :  ans = op1 * op2 ; break ;<br /> case '/' :  ans = op1 / op2 ; break ;<br /> case '^' :  ans = pow(op1, op2) ;<br /> }<br /> return ans ;<br /> }<br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int Evaluate ( char postfix[][10] )<br /> {<br /> for ( int i = 0 ; i <= cnt ; i ++ )<br /> {<br /> char ch = postfix<i>[0] ;<br /> char ch1[10] ;<br /> strcpy ( ch1 ,postfix </i><i> ) ;<br /> //  cout <<endl<< atoi ( ch1) ;<br /> if ( isOperand ( ch ) == True )<br /> Push ( atoi(ch1)  );<br /> else<br /> {<br /> int op2 = Pop () ;<br /> int op1 = Pop () ;<br /> int ans = Calculate ( op1, ch, op2 ) ;<br /> //     cout << ans << endl ;<br /> Push ( ans ) ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> int ans = Pop () ;<br /> return ans ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> // </i> <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> int CheckP (char cur, char st)<br /> {<br /> int a = NOTGREATER ;<br /> <br /> if ( cur == '(' )<br /> a = GREATER ;<br /> else if ( cur != '(' &#038;& st == '(' )<br /> a = GREATER ;<br /> else if ( cur != '(' &#038;& st != '(' )<br /> {<br /> if ( ( cur == '*' || cur == '/' ) &#038;& ( st == '+' || st == '-' ) )<br /> a = GREATER ;<br /> }<br /> return a ;<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void infixToPostfix ( char infix[][10], char postfix[][10] )<br /> {<br /> int postcol = 0 ;<br /> for ( int i = 0 ; i <= cnt ; i ++ )<br /> {<br /> // strcpy(postfix<i>, infix </i><i>) ;<br /> // cout << postfix</i><i> ;<br /> char ch;<br /> ch = infix</i><i>[0]  ;<br /> if ( isOperand ( ch ) == True )<br /> strcpy ( postfix [postcnt++] , infix </i><i> ) ;<br /> else<br /> {<br /> if ( isEmpty() == True )<br /> Push ( int(ch) ) ;<br /> else<br /> {<br /> while ( CheckP( ch, StackTop() ) != GREATER &#038;& isEmpty() != True )<br /> {<br /> char c ;<br /> if ( ch == ')' )<br /> {<br /> do<br /> {<br /> c = char ( Pop() ) ;<br /> if ( c != '(')<br /> {<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol] = c ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol+1] = '' ;<br /> postcnt++ ;<br /> }<br /> }while ( c != '(' &#038;& isEmpty() != True);<br /> break ;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> c = char ( Pop() ) ;<br /> if ( c != '(' &#038;& c != ')' )<br /> {<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol] = c ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol+1] = '' ;<br /> postcnt++ ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> if ( ch != ')' )<br /> Push ( int(ch) ) ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> while ( isEmpty () != True )<br /> {<br /> char c = char ( Pop () ) ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol] = c ;<br /> postfix [postcnt][postcol+1] = '';<br /> postcnt++ ;<br /> }<br /> //   postfix[postcnt][postcol]  = '';<br /> }<br /> <br /> //</i> <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void Postfix ( char postfix[][10] )<br /> {<br /> char ch[10] ;<br /> for ( int i = 0; i <= postcnt; i++ )<br /> {<br /> strcpy(ch , postfix<i> ) ;<br /> printf ( "%c" ,ch );<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> // </i> <hr class="bbcode_rule" /> void main()<br /> {<br /> //clrscr();<br /> top = NULL ;<br /> <br /> char infix [ 50 ][ 10 ] ;<br /> char postfix [ 50 ][ 10 ] ;<br /> <br /> //gotoxy ( 5, 8 ) ;<br /> printf ( "Enter Arithematic Expression ...................... : " );<br /> Infix ( infix ) ;<br /> <br /> infixToPostfix ( infix, postfix ) ;<br /> //gotoxy ( 5, 10 ) ;<br /> printf ( "Arithematic Expression in Postfix Notation......... : " );<br /> Postfix ( postfix ) ;<br /> int ans = Evaluate ( postfix ) ;<br /> //gotoxy (5, 11 ) ;<br /> printf (  "The Answer of Expression .......................... : " );<br /> printf ( "%i", ans );<br /> <br /> getch();<br /> }<br /> // <hr class="bbcode_rule" />

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Could do this:

<br /> /****************************************************************<br /> * File Name : c:programstempCG.cpp<br /> * Date : February 21 , 2010<br /> * Comments : new project<br /> * Compiler/Assembler : Visual C++ 6.0<br /> * Modifications :<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> * Program Shell Generated At: 1:00:53 a.m.<br /> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*/<br /> <br /> <br /> #include < iostream ><br /> //#include < string.h ><br /> //#include < conio.h ><br /> //#include < math.h ><br /> //#include < iomanip ><br /> //#include < ctype.h ><br /> <br /> using namespace std;<br /> <br /> //main function ******************************<br /> <br /> int main ( )<br /> {<br /> <br /> char ch;<br /> int i;<br /> char newline = 10;<br /> float decimalEquivalent = 0;<br /> float multiplier = .5;<br /> <br /> cout << "enter a binary fraction: " ;<br /> <br /> ch = cin.get(); //get decimal point<br /> ch = cin.get() ; //get first digit of number<br /> <br /> while ( ch != newline ) //while not at the end of input<br /> {<br /> decimalEquivalent = decimalEquivalent + ( ch - '0' ) * multiplier;<br /> multiplier = multiplier * .5;<br /> ch = cin.get() ; // get next digit<br /> }<br /> <br /> cout << endl << endl;<br /> cout << "decimal equivalent is : " << decimalEquivalent << endl;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

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<br /> /****************************************************************<br /> * File Name : c:programstempCG.cpp<br /> * Date : February 21 , 2010<br /> * Comments : new project<br /> * Compiler/Assembler : Visual C++ 6.0<br /> * Modifications :<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> * Program Shell Generated At: 1:00:53 a.m.<br /> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*/<br /> <br /> <br /> #include < iostream ><br /> //#include < string.h ><br /> //#include < conio.h ><br /> //#include < math.h ><br /> //#include < iomanip ><br /> //#include < ctype.h ><br /> <br /> using namespace std;<br /> <br /> //main function ******************************<br /> <br /> int main ( )<br /> {<br /> <br /> char ch;<br /> int i;<br /> char newline = 10;<br /> float decimalEquivalent = 0;<br /> float multiplier = .5;<br /> <br /> cout << "enter a binary fraction: " ;<br /> <br /> ch = cin.get(); //get decimal point<br /> ch = cin.get() ; //get first digit of number<br /> <br /> while ( ch != newline ) //while not at the end of input<br /> {<br /> decimalEquivalent = decimalEquivalent + ( ch - '0' ) * multiplier;<br /> multiplier = multiplier * .5;<br /> ch = cin.get()  ; // get next digit<br /> }<br /> <br /> cout << endl << endl;<br /> cout << "decimal equivalent is : " << decimalEquivalent << endl;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Unless theres a new C++ standard , you cannot declare arrays of an arbitrary length ( the length must be declared as a constant so the compiler knows how to set up the function’s stack frame at compile time ). So you can’t do this ( I’m suprised this compiled, what compiler are you using ?):

<br /> int array [ g + 1 ];<br />

1 2 3

<br /> int array  [ g + 1 ];<br />

If you want a arbitrary length array you have to allocate it at run time , like:

<br /> int * array = new int [ g + 1 ];<br />

1 2 3

<br /> int * array = new int [ g + 1 ];<br />

make sure to check allocation of this statement and delete the memory when your done with it ( by the end of the function call )………

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Theres a seperate debugging utility called “turbo debugger” or something. Its a small DOS box utility that debugs object files made with Turbo C++ , as I remember. Heres a link to some info on this http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/bcpp.html

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

I haven’t used this compiler for a looong time , but as I remember you have to do a few small things to configure it or it will not work properly. Heres a link that shows how to configure it http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/21205 , you can also google set up Borland command line tools .

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

The functions clrscr(), ect. are exclusive to the Borland Turbo Compiler. I think the easiest way to compile the code would be to download the free Borland Command Line Tools Package ( I think you can find it here: http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20633 ) or just google free Borland Command Line Tools Package download. You could also write your own replacement functions and add them to the one of the VC++ library ( could code these using Windows API calls for 32-bit Windows applications ).

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Could you perhaps post the input file for your program?

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

What does your input file look like? What criteria is used to select samples ( randomly ).

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Not sure what your doing. Does this relate to linked lists?

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

Heres a simple version ( the items are entered into the list from the back )

<br /> /****************************************************************<br /> * File Name : c:programstempCG.cpp<br /> * Date : January,8,2010<br /> * Comments : new project<br /> * Compiler/Assembler : Visual C++ 6.0<br /> * Modifications :<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> * Program Shell Generated At: 4:13:24 p.m.<br /> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*/<br /> <br /> <br /> #include < iostream ><br /> //#include < string.h ><br /> //#include < conio.h ><br /> //#include < math.h ><br /> //#include < iomanip ><br /> //#include < ctype.h ><br /> <br /> using namespace std;<br /> <br /> //node for the list<br /> struct node<br /> {<br /> int data;<br /> node * next;<br /> };<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> //main function ******************************<br /> <br /> int main ( )<br /> {<br /> <br /> cout << "enter numbers ( 0 to stop ) " << endl << endl;<br /> <br /> node * front = NULL; //front of the linked list<br /> node * temp = NULL;<br /> node * back = NULL;<br /> <br /> int input;<br /> <br /> cout << "enter number: ";<br /> cin >> input;<br /> <br /> //######### READ THE LIST FROM THE KEYBOARD<br /> <br /> while ( input != 0 )<br /> {<br /> temp = new node; //make a new node in the list<br /> if ( temp == NULL ) //check that node was allocated properly<br /> {<br /> cout << "allocation error , node not stored! " << endl;<br /> continue;<br /> }<br /> temp -> data = input;//copy data<br /> temp -> next = NULL; //new item has no next item<br /> if ( front == NULL ) //if the list is empty add a new node<br /> {<br /> front = temp; //front of list points to temp<br /> back = temp; //back of list pointer points to temp<br /> }<br /> else //add the item to the back of the list<br /> {<br /> back -> next = temp;//next item in the list is the item read<br /> back = temp; //new item is the new last item<br /> }<br /> cout << "enter number: "; //get the next number<br /> cin >> input;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> cout << "Printed list: " << endl << endl;<br /> <br /> temp = front; //start at the front of the list<br /> <br /> //############ PRINT THE LIST<br /> <br /> while ( temp ) //while not at the end of the list<br /> {<br /> cout << temp -> data << " " ; //output data in list item<br /> temp = temp -> next; //go to next item in the list<br /> }<br /> <br /> //######## DELETE THE LIST<br /> <br /> while ( front )<br /> {<br /> temp = front; //save the address of the front node<br /> front = front -> next; //make the next item first<br /> delete temp; //deallocate memory for the old front node<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> return 0 ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

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<br /> /****************************************************************<br /> * File Name : c:programstempCG.cpp<br /> * Date : January,8,2010<br /> * Comments : new project<br /> * Compiler/Assembler : Visual C++ 6.0<br /> * Modifications :<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> * Program Shell Generated At: 4:13:24 p.m.<br /> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*/<br /> <br /> <br /> #include < iostream ><br /> //#include < string.h ><br /> //#include < conio.h ><br /> //#include < math.h ><br /> //#include < iomanip ><br /> //#include < ctype.h ><br /> <br /> using namespace std;<br /> <br /> //node for the list<br /> struct node<br /> {<br /> int data;<br /> node * next;<br /> };<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> //main function ******************************<br /> <br /> int main ( )<br /> {<br /> <br /> cout << "enter numbers ( 0 to stop ) " << endl << endl;<br /> <br /> node * front = NULL; //front of the linked list<br /> node * temp = NULL;<br /> node * back = NULL;<br /> <br /> int input;<br /> <br /> cout << "enter number: ";<br /> cin >> input;<br /> <br /> //######### READ THE LIST FROM THE KEYBOARD<br /> <br /> while ( input != 0 )<br /> {<br /> temp = new node; //make a new node in the list<br /> if ( temp == NULL ) //check that node was allocated properly<br /> {<br /> cout << "allocation error , node not stored! " << endl;<br /> continue;<br /> }<br /> temp -> data = input;//copy data<br /> temp -> next = NULL; //new item has no next item<br /> if ( front == NULL ) //if the list is empty add a  new node<br /> {<br /> front = temp; //front of list points to temp<br /> back = temp; //back of list pointer points to temp<br /> }<br /> else //add the item to the back of the list<br /> {<br /> back -> next = temp;//next item in the list is the item read<br /> back = temp; //new item is the new last item<br /> }<br /> cout << "enter number: "; //get the next number<br /> cin >> input;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> cout << "Printed list: " << endl << endl;<br /> <br /> temp = front; //start at the front of the list<br /> <br /> //############ PRINT THE LIST<br /> <br /> while ( temp ) //while not at the end of the list<br /> {<br /> cout << temp -> data << " " ; //output data in list item<br /> temp = temp -> next; //go to next item in the list<br /> }<br /> <br /> //######## DELETE THE LIST<br /> <br /> while ( front )<br /> {<br /> temp = front; //save the address of the front node<br /> front = front -> next; //make the next item first<br /> delete temp; //deallocate memory for the old front node<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> return 0 ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

[GWILouisaxwzkla]

could try:

<br /> /****************************************************************<br /> * File Name : cgt.cpp<br /> * Date : April,10,2007<br /> * Comments : new project<br /> * Compiler/Assembler : VC++ 6.0<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> * Program Shell Generated At: 2:59:58<br /> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*/<br /> <br /> <br /> #include < iostream ><br /> //#include < string.h ><br /> //#include < conio.h ><br /> //#include < math.h ><br /> <br /> using namespace std;<br /> <br /> struct node<br /> {<br /> <br /> int data;<br /> node * next;<br /> node * back;<br /> <br /> };<br /> <br /> <br /> //@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ FUNCTION PROTOTYPES @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<br /> <br /> void readList ( node ** list );<br /> bool listsAreEqual ( node * left , node * right );<br /> node * copyList ( node * list );<br /> void printList ( node * list );<br /> void destroyList ( node ** list );<br /> bool listsContainEqualMembers ( node * left , node * right );<br /> <br /> //##################################################################################<br /> <br /> //main function ******************************<br /> <br /> int main ( )<br /> {<br /> <br /> node * head1 = 0;<br /> node * head2 = 0;<br /> <br /> cout << "enter first list :" << endl;<br /> readList ( &#038; head1 );<br /> cout << "enter second list: " << endl;<br /> readList ( &#038; head2 );<br /> <br /> if ( listsAreEqual ( head1 , head2 ) )<br /> cout << endl << "The lists are equal" << endl;<br /> else<br /> cout << endl << "The lists are not equal" << endl;<br /> <br /> cout << endl;<br /> if ( listsContainEqualMembers ( head1 , head2 ) )<br /> cout << endl << "lists contain equal members" << endl;<br /> else<br /> cout << endl << "lists do not contain equal members " << endl;<br /> <br /> <br /> node * copy = copyList ( head1 );<br /> cout << endl << "copy of first list is: ";<br /> printList ( copy );<br /> destroyList ( &#038; head1 );<br /> destroyList ( &#038; head2 );<br /> destroyList ( &#038; copy );<br /> return 0 ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : readList<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: Void type<br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> void readList ( node ** list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> cout << "enter an integer ( -1 to stop ) ";<br /> int i;<br /> cin >> i;<br /> node * temp = 0;<br /> <br /> while ( i != -1 )<br /> {<br /> <br /> temp = new node;<br /> if ( temp == 0 )<br /> {<br /> cout << " allocation error" ;<br /> ( * list ) = 0;<br /> return;<br /> }<br /> temp -> data = i ;<br /> if ( ( * list ) == 0 )<br /> {<br /> ( * list ) = temp;<br /> temp -> next = 0;<br /> temp -> back = temp;<br /> <br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> ( * list ) -> back -> next = temp;<br /> temp -> next = temp -> back = 0;<br /> ( * list ) -> back = temp;<br /> }<br /> cout << "enter a number ( -1 to stop ) ";<br /> cin >> i;<br /> }<br /> <br /> return;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : listsAreEqual<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: user defined type , bool<br /> <br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> bool listsAreEqual ( node * left , node * right )<br /> {<br /> <br /> bool matches = true;<br /> <br /> while ( left != 0 &#038;& right != 0 &#038;& matches )<br /> {<br /> <br /> if ( left -> data != right -> data )<br /> matches = false;<br /> else<br /> {<br /> left = left -> next;<br /> right = right -> next;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> if ( ! left &#038;& ! right &#038;& matches )<br /> return true;<br /> <br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : copyList<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: user defined type , node *<br /> <br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> node * copyList ( node * list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> node * temp = 0;<br /> node * newList = 0;<br /> <br /> while ( list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> temp = new node;<br /> if ( ! temp )<br /> {<br /> cout << "allocation error! ";<br /> return 0;<br /> }<br /> if ( newList == 0 )<br /> {<br /> newList = temp;<br /> temp -> data = list -> data;<br /> newList -> next = 0;<br /> newList -> back = temp;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> temp -> data = list -> data;<br /> newList -> back -> next = temp;<br /> newList -> back = temp;<br /> temp -> next = temp -> next = 0;<br /> }<br /> list = list -> next;<br /> }<br /> return newList;<br /> }<br /> void printList ( node * temp )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> cout << "list read is " ;<br /> while ( temp )<br /> {<br /> cout << temp -> data << " ";<br /> temp = temp -> next;<br /> }<br /> cout << endl;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : destroyList<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: user defined type , void<br /> <br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> void destroyList ( node ** list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> node * temp = ( * list );<br /> node * temp2 = 0;<br /> while ( temp )<br /> {<br /> <br /> temp2 = temp;<br /> temp = temp -> next;<br /> delete temp2;<br /> }<br /> <br /> ( * list ) = 0;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : listsContainEqualMembers<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: Void type<br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> bool listsContainEqualMembers ( node * left , node * right )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> node * temp1 = left;<br /> node * temp2 = right;<br /> bool matches ;<br /> int length1 = 0 , length2 = 0;<br /> int numItems1 = 0 , numItems2 = 0;<br /> <br /> while ( temp1 &#038;& matches )<br /> {<br /> temp2 = right;<br /> matches = false;<br /> length1 ++; //get length of first list<br /> while ( temp2 &#038;& ! matches )<br /> {<br /> if ( temp1 -> data == temp2 -> data )<br /> matches = true;<br /> if ( ! matches )<br /> temp2 = temp2 -> next;<br /> }<br /> if ( matches )<br /> temp1 = temp1 -> next;<br /> }<br /> temp2 = right;<br /> while ( temp2 )<br /> {<br /> length2 ++ ;<br /> temp2 = temp2 -> next;<br /> }<br /> if ( length1 == length2 &#038;& matches )<br /> return true;<br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> <br />

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<br /> /****************************************************************<br /> * File Name : cgt.cpp<br /> * Date : April,10,2007<br /> * Comments : new project<br /> * Compiler/Assembler : VC++ 6.0<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> *<br /> * Program Shell Generated At: 2:59:58<br /> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*/<br /> <br /> <br /> #include < iostream ><br /> //#include < string.h ><br /> //#include < conio.h ><br /> //#include < math.h ><br /> <br /> using namespace std;<br /> <br /> struct node<br /> {<br /> <br /> int data;<br /> node * next;<br /> node * back;<br /> <br /> };<br /> <br /> <br /> //@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ FUNCTION PROTOTYPES @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@<br /> <br /> void readList ( node ** list );<br /> bool listsAreEqual ( node * left , node * right );<br /> node * copyList ( node * list );<br /> void printList ( node * list );<br /> void destroyList ( node **  list );<br /> bool listsContainEqualMembers ( node * left , node * right );<br /> <br /> //##################################################################################<br /> <br /> //main function ******************************<br /> <br /> int main ( )<br /> {<br /> <br /> node * head1 = 0;<br /> node * head2 = 0;<br /> <br /> cout << "enter first list :" << endl;<br /> readList ( &#038; head1 );<br /> cout << "enter second list: " << endl;<br /> readList ( &#038; head2 );<br /> <br /> if ( listsAreEqual ( head1 , head2 ) )<br /> cout << endl << "The lists are equal" << endl;<br /> else<br /> cout << endl << "The lists are not equal" << endl;<br /> <br /> cout << endl;<br /> if ( listsContainEqualMembers ( head1 , head2 ) )<br /> cout << endl << "lists contain equal members" << endl;<br /> else<br /> cout << endl << "lists do not contain equal members " << endl;<br /> <br /> <br /> node * copy = copyList ( head1 );<br /> cout << endl << "copy of first list is: ";<br /> printList ( copy );<br /> destroyList ( &#038; head1 );<br /> destroyList ( &#038; head2 );<br /> destroyList ( &#038; copy );<br /> return 0 ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : readList<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: Void type<br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> void readList ( node ** list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> cout << "enter an integer ( -1 to stop ) ";<br /> int i;<br /> cin >> i;<br /> node * temp = 0;<br /> <br /> while (  i != -1 )<br /> {<br /> <br /> temp = new node;<br /> if ( temp == 0 )<br /> {<br /> cout << " allocation error" ;<br /> ( * list ) = 0;<br /> return;<br /> }<br /> temp -> data = i ;<br /> if ( ( * list ) == 0 )<br /> {<br /> ( * list ) = temp;<br /> temp -> next = 0;<br /> temp -> back = temp;<br /> <br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> ( * list ) -> back -> next = temp;<br /> temp -> next = temp -> back = 0;<br /> ( * list ) -> back = temp;<br /> }<br /> cout << "enter a number ( -1 to stop ) ";<br /> cin >> i;<br /> }<br /> <br /> return;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : listsAreEqual<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: user defined type , bool<br /> <br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> bool listsAreEqual ( node * left , node * right )<br /> {<br /> <br /> bool matches = true;<br /> <br /> while ( left != 0  &#038;& right != 0 &#038;& matches )<br /> {<br /> <br /> if ( left -> data != right -> data )<br /> matches = false;<br /> else<br /> {<br /> left = left -> next;<br /> right = right -> next;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> if ( ! left &#038;& ! right &#038;& matches )<br /> return true;<br /> <br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : copyList<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: user defined type , node *<br /> <br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> node * copyList ( node * list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> node * temp = 0;<br /> node * newList = 0;<br /> <br /> while ( list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> temp = new node;<br /> if ( ! temp )<br /> {<br /> cout << "allocation error! ";<br /> return 0;<br /> }<br /> if ( newList == 0 )<br /> {<br /> newList = temp;<br /> temp -> data = list -> data;<br /> newList -> next = 0;<br /> newList -> back = temp;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> temp -> data = list -> data;<br /> newList -> back -> next = temp;<br /> newList -> back = temp;<br /> temp -> next = temp -> next = 0;<br /> }<br /> list = list -> next;<br /> }<br /> return newList;<br /> }<br /> void printList ( node * temp )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> cout << "list read is " ;<br /> while ( temp )<br /> {<br /> cout << temp -> data << " ";<br /> temp = temp -> next;<br /> }<br /> cout << endl;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : destroyList<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: user defined type , void<br /> <br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> void destroyList ( node ** list )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> node * temp = ( * list );<br /> node * temp2 = 0;<br /> while ( temp )<br /> {<br /> <br /> temp2 = temp;<br /> temp = temp -> next;<br /> delete temp2;<br /> }<br /> <br /> ( * list ) = 0;<br /> }<br /> /******************************* FUNCTION DEFINITION ******************************<br /> <br /> Name : listsContainEqualMembers<br /> Parameters :<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Returns: Void type<br /> Comments:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/<br /> bool listsContainEqualMembers ( node * left , node * right )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> node * temp1 = left;<br /> node * temp2 = right;<br /> bool matches ;<br /> int length1 = 0 , length2 = 0;<br /> int numItems1 = 0 , numItems2 = 0;<br /> <br /> while ( temp1 &#038;& matches )<br /> {<br /> temp2 = right;<br /> matches = false;<br /> length1 ++; //get length of first list<br /> while ( temp2 &#038;& ! matches )<br /> {<br /> if ( temp1 -> data == temp2 -> data )<br /> matches = true;<br /> if ( ! matches )<br /> temp2 = temp2 -> next;<br /> }<br /> if ( matches )<br /> temp1 = temp1 -> next;<br /> }<br /> temp2 = right;<br /> while ( temp2 )<br /> {<br /> length2 ++ ;<br /> temp2 = temp2 -> next;<br /> }<br /> if ( length1 == length2 &#038;& matches )<br /> return true;<br /> return false;<br /> }<br /> <br />

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