C Program to illustrate how to write ICMP Ping program – MYCPLUS

This sample C program demonstrates how an ICMP ping app can be written using the SOCK_RAW socket type and IPPROTO_ICMP protocol. ICMP or Internet Control Message Protocol is used by network devices to measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.

Ping is a necessary tool in any Operating System to debug the IP address of the network device to see if the device is reachable.

By creating a raw socket, the underlying layer does not change the protocol header. When we submit the ICMP header, nothing is adjusted so that the receiving end will see an ICMP packet. Additionally, we use the record route IP option to get a round trip path to the endpoint. Ping sends out ICMP packets by opening a RAW socket, which is separate from TCP and UDP.

Note that the size of the IP option header that records the route is limited to nine IP addresses.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Ping – C Program

Compile the Ping program

This program is modified to work fine with Visual Studio in Windows 11. It compiles successfully both with 32 and 64 bit versions of the OS.

If you want to use Visual Studio Developer command line to compile the Ping program, use the following command. Read more about compiling C/C++ Program from command line here. You can also use any other C/C++ compilers to build and run this program.

C:\Users\ping>cl /EHsc ping.cpp
Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.16.27035 for x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

ping.cpp
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.16.27035.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:ping.exe
ping.obj

C:\Users\ping>cl /EHsc ping.cpp

Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.16.27035 for x86

ping.cpp

Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.16.27035.0

/out:ping.exe

ping.obj

Run the Ping Program

This C Program has the following Command Line Options and Parameters.
Ping [host] [packet-size]
Host String name of host to ping

packet-size Integer size of packet to send (smaller than 1024 bytes)

C:\Users\ping>ping.exe 127.0.0.1 64
dest.sin_addr = 192.168.56.1
96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 0.  time: 0 ms
96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 1.  time: 0 ms
96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 2.  time: 0 ms
96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 3.  time: 0 ms

C:\Users\ping>ping.exe 127.0.0.1 64

dest.sin_addr = 192.168.56.1

96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 0. time: 0 ms

96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 1. time: 0 ms

96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 2. time: 0 ms

96 bytes from 192.168.56.1: icmp_seq = 3. time: 0 ms

You can use this program to ping internet addresses such as google.com

C:\Users\ping>ping.exe www.google.com 64
dest.sin_addr = 172.217.21.36
96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 0.  time: 31 ms
96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 1.  time: 47 ms
96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 2.  time: 47 ms
96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 3.  time: 31 ms

C:\Users\ping>ping.exe www.google.com 64

dest.sin_addr = 172.217.21.36

96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 0. time: 31 ms

96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 1. time: 47 ms

96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 2. time: 47 ms

96 bytes from 172.217.21.36: icmp_seq = 3. time: 31 ms

Ping C Program Source Code

Below is the full source code you can use. Alternatively, you can download the complete Visual Studio 2017 C++ Solution file here:

Ping C Program (7.1 KiB, 4,104 hits)

// Module Name: Ping.c
//
// Description:
//    This sample illustrates how an ICMP ping app can be written
//    using the SOCK_RAW socket type and IPPROTO_ICMP protocol.
//    By creating a raw socket, the underlying layer does not change
//    the protocol header so that when we submit the ICMP header
//    nothing is changed so that the receiving end will see an
//    ICMP packet. Additionally, we use the record route IP option
//    to get a round trip path to the endpoint. Note that the size
//    of the IP option header that records the route is limited to
//    nine IP addresses.
//
// Compile:
//     cl -o Ping Ping.c ws2_32.lib /Zp1
//
// Command Line Options/Parameters:
//     Ping [host] [packet-size]
//
//     host         String name of host to ping
//     packet-size  Integer size of packet to send
//                      (smaller than 1024 bytes)
//
//#pragma pack(1)

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define IP_RECORD_ROUTE  0x7
//
// IP header structure
//
typedef struct _iphdr
{
	unsigned int   h_len : 4;        // Length of the header
	unsigned int   version : 4;      // Version of IP
	unsigned char  tos;            // Type of service
	unsigned short total_len;      // Total length of the packet
	unsigned short ident;          // Unique identifier
	unsigned short frag_and_flags; // Flags
	unsigned char  ttl;            // Time to live
	unsigned char  proto;          // Protocol (TCP, UDP etc)
	unsigned short checksum;       // IP checksum

	unsigned int   sourceIP;
	unsigned int   destIP;
} IpHeader;

#define ICMP_ECHO        8
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY   0
#define ICMP_MIN         8 // Minimum 8-byte ICMP packet (header)

//
// ICMP header structure
//
typedef struct _icmphdr
{
	BYTE   i_type;
	BYTE   i_code;                 // Type sub code
	USHORT i_cksum;
	USHORT i_id;
	USHORT i_seq;
	// This is not the standard header, but we reserve space for time
	ULONG  timestamp;
} IcmpHeader;

//
// IP option header - use with socket option IP_OPTIONS
//
typedef struct _ipoptionhdr
{
	unsigned char        code;        // Option type
	unsigned char        len;         // Length of option hdr
	unsigned char        ptr;         // Offset into options
	unsigned long        addr[9];     // List of IP addrs
} IpOptionHeader;

#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE  32        // Default packet size
#define MAX_PACKET       1024      // Max ICMP packet size
#define MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE  60        // Max IP header size w/options

BOOL  bRecordRoute;
int   datasize;
char *lpdest;

//
// Function: usage
//
// Description:
//    Print usage information
//
void usage(char *progname)
{
	printf("usage: ping -r  [data size]\n");
	printf("       -r           record route\n");
	printf("        host        remote machine to ping\n");
	printf("        datasize    can be up to 1KB\n");
	ExitProcess(-1);
}

//
// Function: FillICMPData
//
// Description:
//    Helper function to fill in various fields for our ICMP request
//
void FillICMPData(char *icmp_data, int datasize)
{
	IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr = NULL;
	char       *datapart = NULL;

	icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;
	icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO;        // Request an ICMP echo
	icmp_hdr->i_code = 0;
	icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
	icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;
	icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0;

	datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);
	//
	// Place some junk in the buffer
	//
	memset(datapart, 'E', datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader));
}

//
// Function: checksum
//
// Description:
//    This function calculates the 16-bit one's complement sum
//    of the supplied buffer (ICMP) header
//
USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size)
{
	unsigned long cksum = 0;

	while (size > 1)
	{
		cksum += *buffer++;
		size -= sizeof(USHORT);
	}
	if (size)
	{
		cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
	}
	cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
	cksum += (cksum >> 16);
	return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}

//
// Function: DecodeIPOptions
//
// Description:
//    If the IP option header is present, find the IP options
//    within the IP header and print the record route option
//    values
//
void DecodeIPOptions(char *buf, int bytes)
{
	IpOptionHeader *ipopt = NULL;
	IN_ADDR         inaddr;
	int             i;
	HOSTENT        *host = NULL;

	ipopt = (IpOptionHeader *)(buf + 20);

	printf("RR:   ");
	for (i = 0; i < (ipopt->ptr / 4) - 1; i++)
	{
		inaddr.S_un.S_addr = ipopt->addr[i];
		if (i != 0)
			printf("      ");
		host = gethostbyaddr((char *)&inaddr.S_un.S_addr,
			sizeof(inaddr.S_un.S_addr), AF_INET);
		if (host)
			printf("(%-15s) %s\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr), host->h_name);
		else
			printf("(%-15s)\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr));
	}
	return;
}

//
// Function: DecodeICMPHeader
//
// Description:
//    The response is an IP packet. We must decode the IP header to
//    locate the ICMP data.
//
void DecodeICMPHeader(char *buf, int bytes,
	struct sockaddr_in *from)
{
	IpHeader       *iphdr = NULL;
	IcmpHeader     *icmphdr = NULL;
	unsigned short  iphdrlen;
	DWORD           tick;
	static   int    icmpcount = 0;

	iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf;
	// Number of 32-bit words * 4 = bytes
	iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4;
	tick = GetTickCount();

	if ((iphdrlen == MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE) && (!icmpcount))
		DecodeIPOptions(buf, bytes);

	if (bytes < iphdrlen + ICMP_MIN) {
		printf("Too few bytes from %s\n", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
	}
	icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);

	if (icmphdr->i_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)
	{
		printf("nonecho type %d recvd\n", icmphdr->i_type);
		return;
	}
	// Make sure this is an ICMP reply to something we sent!
	//
	if (icmphdr->i_id != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId())
	{
		printf("someone else's packet!\n");
		return;
	}
	printf("%d bytes from %s:", bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
	printf(" icmp_seq = %d. ", icmphdr->i_seq);
	printf(" time: %d ms", tick - icmphdr->timestamp);
	printf("\n");

	icmpcount++;
	return;
}

void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int                i;

	bRecordRoute = FALSE;
	lpdest = NULL;
	datasize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE;

	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
		if ((argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/')) {
			switch (tolower(argv[i][1])) {
			case 'r': // Record route option 
				bRecordRoute = TRUE;
				break;
			default:
				usage(argv[0]); break;
			}
		}
		else if (isdigit(argv[i][0]))
			datasize = atoi(argv[i]);
		else lpdest = argv[i];
	}
}

// 
// Function: main 
// 
// Description: 
// Setup the ICMP raw socket, and create the ICMP header. Add 
// the appropriate IP option header, and start sending ICMP 
// echo requests to the endpoint. For each send and receive, 
// we set a timeout value so that we don't wait forever for a 
// response in case the endpoint is not responding. When we 
// receive a packet decode it. 
// 
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	WSADATA wsaData;
	SOCKET sockRaw = INVALID_SOCKET;
	struct sockaddr_in dest, from;
	int bread, fromlen = sizeof(from), timeout = 1000, ret;
	char *icmp_data = NULL, *recvbuf = NULL;
	unsigned int addr = 0;
	USHORT seq_no = 0;
	struct hostent *hp = NULL;
	IpOptionHeader ipopt;
	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
		printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}

	ValidateArgs(argc, argv);
	// 
	// WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED flag is required for SO_RCVTIMEO, 
	// SO_SNDTIMEO option. If NULL is used as last param for 
	// WSASocket, all I/O on the socket is synchronous, the 
	// internal user mode wait code never gets a chance to 
	// execute, and therefore kernel-mode I/O blocks forever. 
	// A socket created via the socket function has the over- 
	// lapped I/O attribute set internally. But here we need
	// to use WSASocket to specify a raw socket. 
	// 
	// If you want to use timeout with a synchronous 
	// nonoverlapped socket created by WSASocket with last 
	// param set to NULL, you can set the timeout by using 
	// the select function, or you can use WSAEventSelect and 
	// set the timeout in the WSAWaitForMultipleEvents 
	// function. 
	// 
	sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
	if (sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET) {
		printf("WSASocket() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	if (bRecordRoute) {
		// Setup the IP option header to go out on every ICMP packet 
		// 
		ZeroMemory(&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));
		ipopt.code = IP_RECORD_ROUTE;
		// Record route option 
		ipopt.ptr = 4;
		// Point to the first addr offset 
		ipopt.len = 39;
		// Length of option header 
		ret = setsockopt(sockRaw, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, (char *)&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));
		if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {
			printf("setsockopt(IP_OPTIONS) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		}
	}
	// Set the send/recv timeout values 
	// 
	bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
	if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("setsockopt(SO_RCVTIMEO) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	timeout = 1000;
	bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
	if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("setsockopt(SO_SNDTIMEO) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));

	// 
	// Resolve the endpoint's name if necessary 
	// 
	dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
	if ((dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(lpdest)) == INADDR_NONE)
	{
		if ((hp = gethostbyname(lpdest)) != NULL)
		{
			memcpy(&(dest.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
			dest.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
			printf("dest.sin_addr = %s\n", inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr));
		}
		else
		{
			printf("gethostbyname() failed: %d\n",
				WSAGetLastError());
			return -1;
		}
	}

	//
	// Create the ICMP packet
	//
	datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader);

	icmp_data = (char *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, MAX_PACKET);
	recvbuf = (char *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, MAX_PACKET);
	if (!icmp_data)
	{
		printf("HeapAlloc() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
		return -1;
	}
	memset(icmp_data, 0, MAX_PACKET);
	FillICMPData(icmp_data, datasize);
	//
	// Start sending/receiving ICMP packets
	//
	while (1)
	{
		static int nCount = 0;
		int        bwrote;

		if (nCount++ == 4)
			break;

		((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;
		((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount();
		((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = seq_no++;
		((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum =
			checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);

		bwrote = sendto(sockRaw, icmp_data, datasize, 0,
			(struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));
		if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
			{
				printf("timed out\n");
				continue;
			}
			printf("sendto() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			return -1;
		}
		if (bwrote < datasize)
		{
			printf("Wrote %d bytes\n", bwrote);
		}
		bread = recvfrom(sockRaw, recvbuf, MAX_PACKET, 0,
			(struct sockaddr*)&from, &fromlen);
		if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
			{
				printf("timed out\n");
				continue;
			}
			printf("recvfrom() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
			return -1;
		}
		DecodeICMPHeader(recvbuf, bread, &from);

		Sleep(1000);
	}
	// Cleanup
	//
	if (sockRaw != INVALID_SOCKET)
		closesocket(sockRaw);
	HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, recvbuf);
	HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, icmp_data);

	WSACleanup();
	return 0;
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

// Module Name: Ping.c

// Description:

// This sample illustrates how an ICMP ping app can be written

// using the SOCK_RAW socket type and IPPROTO_ICMP protocol.

// By creating a raw socket, the underlying layer does not change

// the protocol header so that when we submit the ICMP header

// nothing is changed so that the receiving end will see an

// ICMP packet. Additionally, we use the record route IP option

// to get a round trip path to the endpoint. Note that the size

// of the IP option header that records the route is limited to

// nine IP addresses.

// Compile:

// cl -o Ping Ping.c ws2_32.lib /Zp1

// Command Line Options/Parameters:

// Ping [host] [packet-size]

// host String name of host to ping

// packet-size Integer size of packet to send

// (smaller than 1024 bytes)

//#pragma pack(1)

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN

#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS

#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")

#include <winsock2.h>

#include <ws2tcpip.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#define IP_RECORD_ROUTE 0x7

// IP header structure

typedef struct _iphdr

{

unsigned int h_len : 4; // Length of the header

unsigned int version : 4; // Version of IP

unsigned char tos; // Type of service

unsigned short total_len; // Total length of the packet

unsigned short ident; // Unique identifier

unsigned short frag_and_flags; // Flags

unsigned char ttl; // Time to live

unsigned char proto; // Protocol (TCP, UDP etc)

unsigned short checksum; // IP checksum

unsigned int sourceIP;

unsigned int destIP;

} IpHeader;

#define ICMP_ECHO 8

#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0

#define ICMP_MIN 8 // Minimum 8-byte ICMP packet (header)

// ICMP header structure

typedef struct _icmphdr

{

BYTE i_type;

BYTE i_code; // Type sub code

USHORT i_cksum;

USHORT i_id;

USHORT i_seq;

// This is not the standard header, but we reserve space for time

ULONG timestamp;

} IcmpHeader;

// IP option header - use with socket option IP_OPTIONS

typedef struct _ipoptionhdr

{

unsigned char code; // Option type

unsigned char len; // Length of option hdr

unsigned char ptr; // Offset into options

unsigned long addr[9]; // List of IP addrs

} IpOptionHeader;

#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32 // Default packet size

#define MAX_PACKET 1024 // Max ICMP packet size

#define MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE 60 // Max IP header size w/options

BOOL bRecordRoute;

int datasize;

char *lpdest;

// Function: usage

// Description:

// Print usage information

void usage(char *progname)

{

printf("usage: ping -r [data size]\n");

printf(" -r record route\n");

printf(" host remote machine to ping\n");

printf(" datasize can be up to 1KB\n");

ExitProcess(-1);

}

// Function: FillICMPData

// Description:

// Helper function to fill in various fields for our ICMP request

void FillICMPData(char *icmp_data, int datasize)

{

IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr = NULL;

char *datapart = NULL;

icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;

icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO; // Request an ICMP echo

icmp_hdr->i_code = 0;

icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();

icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;

icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0;

datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);

// Place some junk in the buffer

memset(datapart, 'E', datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader));

}

// Function: checksum

// Description:

// This function calculates the 16-bit one's complement sum

// of the supplied buffer (ICMP) header

USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size)

{

unsigned long cksum = 0;

while (size > 1)

{

cksum += *buffer++;

size -= sizeof(USHORT);

}

if (size)

{

cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;

}

cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);

cksum += (cksum >> 16);

return (USHORT)(~cksum);

}

// Function: DecodeIPOptions

// Description:

// If the IP option header is present, find the IP options

// within the IP header and print the record route option

// values

void DecodeIPOptions(char *buf, int bytes)

{

IpOptionHeader *ipopt = NULL;

IN_ADDR inaddr;

int i;

HOSTENT *host = NULL;

ipopt = (IpOptionHeader *)(buf + 20);

printf("RR: ");

for (i = 0; i < (ipopt->ptr / 4) - 1; i++)

{

inaddr.S_un.S_addr = ipopt->addr[i];

if (i != 0)

printf(" ");

host = gethostbyaddr((char *)&inaddr.S_un.S_addr,

sizeof(inaddr.S_un.S_addr), AF_INET);

if (host)

printf("(%-15s) %s\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr), host->h_name);

else

printf("(%-15s)\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr));

}

return;

}

// Function: DecodeICMPHeader

// Description:

// The response is an IP packet. We must decode the IP header to

// locate the ICMP data.

void DecodeICMPHeader(char *buf, int bytes,

struct sockaddr_in *from)

{

IpHeader *iphdr = NULL;

IcmpHeader *icmphdr = NULL;

unsigned short iphdrlen;

DWORD tick;

static int icmpcount = 0;

iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf;

// Number of 32-bit words * 4 = bytes

iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4;

tick = GetTickCount();

if ((iphdrlen == MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE) && (!icmpcount))

DecodeIPOptions(buf, bytes);

if (bytes < iphdrlen + ICMP_MIN) {

printf("Too few bytes from %s\n", inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));

}

icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);

if (icmphdr->i_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)

{

printf("nonecho type %d recvd\n", icmphdr->i_type);

return;

}

// Make sure this is an ICMP reply to something we sent!

if (icmphdr->i_id != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId())

{

printf("someone else's packet!\n");

return;

}

printf("%d bytes from %s:", bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));

printf(" icmp_seq = %d. ", icmphdr->i_seq);

printf(" time: %d ms", tick - icmphdr->timestamp);

printf("\n");

icmpcount++;

return;

}

void ValidateArgs(int argc, char **argv)

{

int i;

bRecordRoute = FALSE;

lpdest = NULL;

datasize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE;

for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {

if ((argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/')) {

switch (tolower(argv[i][1])) {

case 'r': // Record route option

bRecordRoute = TRUE;

break;

default:

usage(argv[0]); break;

}

else if (isdigit(argv[i][0]))

datasize = atoi(argv[i]);

else lpdest = argv[i];

}

// Function: main

// Description:

// Setup the ICMP raw socket, and create the ICMP header. Add

// the appropriate IP option header, and start sending ICMP

// echo requests to the endpoint. For each send and receive,

// we set a timeout value so that we don't wait forever for a

// response in case the endpoint is not responding. When we

// receive a packet decode it.

int main(int argc, char **argv) {

WSADATA wsaData;

SOCKET sockRaw = INVALID_SOCKET;

struct sockaddr_in dest, from;

int bread, fromlen = sizeof(from), timeout = 1000, ret;

char *icmp_data = NULL, *recvbuf = NULL;

unsigned int addr = 0;

USHORT seq_no = 0;

struct hostent *hp = NULL;

IpOptionHeader ipopt;

if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {

printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());

return -1;

}

ValidateArgs(argc, argv);

// WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED flag is required for SO_RCVTIMEO,

// SO_SNDTIMEO option. If NULL is used as last param for

// WSASocket, all I/O on the socket is synchronous, the

// internal user mode wait code never gets a chance to

// execute, and therefore kernel-mode I/O blocks forever.

// A socket created via the socket function has the over-

// lapped I/O attribute set internally. But here we need

// to use WSASocket to specify a raw socket.

// If you want to use timeout with a synchronous

// nonoverlapped socket created by WSASocket with last

// param set to NULL, you can set the timeout by using

// the select function, or you can use WSAEventSelect and

// set the timeout in the WSAWaitForMultipleEvents

// function.

sockRaw = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);

if (sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET) {

printf("WSASocket() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

return -1;

}

if (bRecordRoute) {

// Setup the IP option header to go out on every ICMP packet

ZeroMemory(&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));

ipopt.code = IP_RECORD_ROUTE;

// Record route option

ipopt.ptr = 4;

// Point to the first addr offset

ipopt.len = 39;

// Length of option header

ret = setsockopt(sockRaw, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, (char *)&ipopt, sizeof(ipopt));

if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {

printf("setsockopt(IP_OPTIONS) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

}

// Set the send/recv timeout values

bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));

if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)

{

printf("setsockopt(SO_RCVTIMEO) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

return -1;

}

timeout = 1000;

bread = setsockopt(sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));

if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)

{

printf("setsockopt(SO_SNDTIMEO) failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

return -1;

}

memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));

// Resolve the endpoint's name if necessary

dest.sin_family = AF_INET;

if ((dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(lpdest)) == INADDR_NONE)

{

if ((hp = gethostbyname(lpdest)) != NULL)

{

memcpy(&(dest.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);

dest.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;

printf("dest.sin_addr = %s\n", inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr));

}

else

{

printf("gethostbyname() failed: %d\n",

WSAGetLastError());

return -1;

}

// Create the ICMP packet

datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader);

icmp_data = (char *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, MAX_PACKET);

recvbuf = (char *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, MAX_PACKET);

if (!icmp_data)

{

printf("HeapAlloc() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());

return -1;

}

memset(icmp_data, 0, MAX_PACKET);

FillICMPData(icmp_data, datasize);

// Start sending/receiving ICMP packets

while (1)

{

static int nCount = 0;

int bwrote;

if (nCount++ == 4)

break;

((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;

((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount();

((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = seq_no++;

((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum =

checksum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);

bwrote = sendto(sockRaw, icmp_data, datasize, 0,

(struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));

if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR)

{

if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)

{

printf("timed out\n");

continue;

}

printf("sendto() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

return -1;

}

if (bwrote < datasize)

{

printf("Wrote %d bytes\n", bwrote);

}

bread = recvfrom(sockRaw, recvbuf, MAX_PACKET, 0,

(struct sockaddr*)&from, &fromlen);

if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)

{

if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)

{

printf("timed out\n");

continue;

}

printf("recvfrom() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());

return -1;

}

DecodeICMPHeader(recvbuf, bread, &from);

Sleep(1000);

}

// Cleanup

if (sockRaw != INVALID_SOCKET)

closesocket(sockRaw);

HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, recvbuf);

HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, icmp_data);

WSACleanup();

return 0;

}

ICMP Ping Program in C

Compile the Ping program

Run the Ping Program

Ping C Program Source Code

About The Author

M. Saqib

ICMP Ping Program in C

Compile the Ping program

Run the Ping Program

Ping C Program Source Code

About The Author

M. Saqib

Related Posts

Different ways to initialize an array in C Programming

C Algorithms Library

graphics: graphics.h Header File

Read, Print and Reverse Integer Arrays in C